Demography is often perceived as a static equilibrium that has little relevance to social transformation. The conventional perception of demography as a static discipline should be challenged as such view no longer able to explain the increasingly complex social and political realities resulted from the often slow but profound demographic changes. Indonesia, currently the world's fourth largest country in terms of population size and regionally comprising two thirds of the total population of Southeast Asian countries, constitutes as sleeping demographic giant and provides a distinct intricate nexus of demography and politics. Flows and movement of people's have always been the interest of the state to control anywhere since ancient time. The book critically assesses the continuities and changes in the state's demoggraphic engineering pratices from the introduction of the Dutch colonial ethical policy at the beginning of the twentieth century until the dawn of the twenty first century following the collapse of the Indonesia's new order regime in 1998. Several issue that cover in the book include transmigration policy, internal and cross-border mobility, ethical mobility and the politics of migration.