The Indonesian archipelago, the world’s largest, which lies between two oceans (the Pacific and the Indian Ocean) and two continents (Asia and Australia), is of strategic importance for intercontinental maritime transport. Numbering some 17,499 large and small islands, with three-quarters (5.9 million square kilometers) of its area being oceanic, and its 104,000 km of coastline being the second-longest in the world, Indonesia also lies at the heart of the world-renowned ‘Coral Triangle,’ a region key to food security and the balance of global marine ecosystems, for the benefits of all mankind and earth civilization. Sizable human resources are needed to manage and exploit its potential marine resources and coastal areas which have high economic and ecological values.